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John Thomas Dunlop (July 5, 1914October 2, 2003) was an American administrator and labor scholar. Dunlop was the United States Secretary of Labor between 1975 and 1976. He was Director of the U.S. Cost of Living Council from 1973–1974, Chairman of the U.S.Commission on the Future of Worker/Management Relations from 1993–1995 and arbitrator and impartial chairman of various U.S. labor-management committees, and also member of numerous government boards on industrial relations disputes and economic stabilization programs. A labor economist, Dunlop received his Ph.D. from the University of California Berkeley in 1939. He taught at Harvard University from 1938 until his retirement as Lamont University Professor in 1984. While at Harvard, he was Chairman of the Economics Department from 1961–1966 and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from 1969-1973. Dunlop came to be recognized in the postwar United States as the most influential figure in the field of industrial relations. Though primarily a labor economist and later an academic dean at Harvard University, Dunlop carried out advisory roles in every U.S. Presidential Administration from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. He mediated and arbitrated disputes in a wide variety of industries and over a range of issues in the formative post-World War II period. He also influenced the study of industrial and labor relations with his framework of an “industrial relations system” that arose from his scholarly as well as applied work. In looking back at his own legacy, Dunlop regarded himself fundamentally as a problem solver with an abiding interest in the workplace. Among the numerous books Dunlop wrote are ''Industrial Relations Systems'' (1958, 1993); ''Industrialism and Industrial Man'' (1960, joint author); ''Labor and the American Community'' (1970, with Derek C. Bok); ''Dispute Resolution, Negotiation and Consensus Building'' (1984); and ''The Management of Labor Unions'' (1990). ==Early life and education== Dunlop was born in the northern California town of Placerville, 45 miles east of Sacramento, where his family owned a pear ranch. Devoted Presbyterian missionaries, his parents moved to the Philippines when Dunlop was four years old, the eldest of a family that grew to seven children. He was raised and educated on the island of Cebu, and remained there until his graduation from high school. Following graduation, Dunlop returned to the US with his older brother in order to enroll in college. He was initially rejected from the University of California Berkeley because of his unusual high school background and enrolled instead in 1931 at Marin Junior College, a community college in northern California. He then transferred to the University of California Berkeley. Graduating with highest honors in 1935, Dunlop remained at Berkeley for his PhD in Economics, delivering the dissertation “Movements of wage-rates in the business cycle” (1939). During his studies at Berkeley, he met with his wife, the former Dorothy Emily Webb, and they married on July 6, 1937. In 1937, Dunlop went to Cambridge University on a fellowship in order to study under John Maynard Keynes. John and Dorothy shared a small house “…in a neighborhood of small, unattractive homes…” with John Kenneth Galbraith and his wife Kitty.〔Richard Parker, John Kenneth Galbraith: His Life, His Politics, His Economics. NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005, p. 93.〕 With both earning PhDs in Economics from UC Berkeley, Dunlop and Galbraith would remain colleagues and friends for the next 60 years, having offices at Harvard two doors from one another throughout their long careers. Although Dunlop’s intention was to study with Keynes during his fellowship, Keynes’ poor health limited their interaction. Nonetheless, Dunlop’s study of wage setting in the cotton mill industry based on field work conducted during that visit led him to publish a major paper in the ''Economic Journal'' in September 1938 demonstrating a problem in Keynes’ depiction of wage rigidity in his seminal work ''The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money'' (1936): specifically, that real wages fall in recessions not in booms, contrary to simple marginal productivity analysis.〔John T. Dunlop, “The Movement of Real and Money Wage Rates.” Economic Journal, vol. 48 (September 1938), pp. 413-434. The paper was reprinted with commentary in 1998 in the "Retrospectives" section of the Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 1998, pp. 223-234.〕 In a laudatory note published with Dunlop’s paper, Keynes acknowledged the correction and the contribution of the paper. Regarding this scholarly coup, Galbraith later commented: "Keynes not only conceded his error but thanked Dunlop for the correction. One thought of a graduate student in physics who successfully amended Einstein."〔John Kenneth Galbraith, A Life in Our Times: Memoirs. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1981), p. 79.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Thomas Dunlop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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